Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni, ukungcola kuyinkinga ebalulekile esintwini.Ku-Green drive, okungukuthi ukwenza umhlaba ungangcoli, ubuchwepheshe bemisebe buthatha indawo ebalulekile.Imisebe yenuzi iye yangena ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali.'I-Polymerization', 'ukuxhunyelelwa' kanye 'nokwelapha', izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni we-polymer, zingaqhubeka ngamasu emisebe.Ubuchwepheshe bemisebe kukhethwa kunezinye izinsiza zamandla ezejwayelekile ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, isb ukusabela okukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kungalawuleka, ukonga amandla kanye nezinsiza, izinqubo ezihlanzekile, ezishintshayo kanye nokonga izinsiza zabantu njll. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, imisebe futhi indlela enhle yokubulala amagciwane ngaphezu kwamanye amasu ajwayelekile okubulala amagciwane.I-radiation yabo yama-polymers ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.Kulokhu kubuyekezwa, ukunakwa kugxile ikakhulukazi emikhakheni emine, okungukuthi i-biomedical, textile, electronic and membrane technology.
Kusukela enkathini yamatshe nezinsimbi, sesifike enkathini yamandla enuzi nama-polymers.Ngempela, siphila emhlabeni wama-polymers.Yingakho ososayensi nongoti bezobuchwepheshe bebize le nkathi ngokuthi 'inkathi ye-polymeric'.Kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, sihlangabezana nezinto, eziyizithelo ze-polymerresearch.Ukusetshenziswa okuhlala kunwebeka kwama-polymers ekuphileni kwansuku zonke emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule kuye kwaqashelwa njengesibusiso esixubile ngososayensi nochwepheshe.Nakuba kwaqalwa phakathi nekhulunyaka elidlule, umsebenzi kulo mkhakha wekhemistri uye washesha kakhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuwusizo futhi kuguquguquka, kangangokuthi inani lezinhlelo ze-polymer likhulu kakhulu.
Emashumini amathathu eminyaka adlule aphinde abona ukuvela kwemisebe yenuzi njengomthombo onamandla wamandla okusebenza kwamakhemikhali.Ngakho, ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zezimboni.Iqiniso lokuthi imisebe ingaqala ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali noma ibhubhise ama-micro-organisms iholele ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwemisebe ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni.I-nuclear radiation i-ionizing, okuthi lapho idlula ku-matter, inikeze ama-ion amahle, ama-electron amahhala, ama-radicals mahhala nama-molecule ajabulile.Ukubanjwa kwama- electron ngama- molecule nakho kungadala ama- anion.Ngakho, lonke uhla lwezinhlobo ezisebenzayo luyatholakala ukuze usokhemisi adlale nalo.
Izinqubo ezisekelwe emisebeni zinezinzuzo eziningi kunezinye izindlela ezivamile.Ezinqubweni zokuqalisa, imisebe ihlukile ekuqalisweni kwamakhemikhali.Ekucutshungulweni kwemisebe, akukho catalyst noma izithasiselo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqalwe ukusabela.Ngokuvamile ngesu lemisebe, ukumuncwa kwamandla nge-thebackbone polymer kuqala inqubo yamahhala ye-radical.Ngokuqalwa kwamakhemikhali, ama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa ukubola komqalisi abe yizingcezu ezibe sezihlasela i-polymer eyisisekelo eholela kuma-radicals mahhala.I-Sakurada [1] iqhathanise ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ezimbili futhi yalinganisela ukuthi inombolo efanayo yama-radicals aqalayo akhiqizwa ngesikhathi seyunithi ngomthamo wemisebe ongu-1 rad/s noma i-chemicalinitiator, isb. i-benzoyl peroxide, ekuhlanganiseni kwe-.01 M isetshenziswa .Ukuqaliswa kwamakhemikhali nokho kunqunyelwe ukugxila nokuhlanzeka kwabaqalisi.Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokucutshungulwa kwemisebe, izinga lomthamo wemisebe lingahlukahluka kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusabela kungalawuleka kangcono.Ngokungafani nendlela yokuqalisa amakhemikhali, inqubo ebangelwa imisebe nayo ayinakho ukungcola.Ukwenziwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukuletha izinkinga ezivela ekushiseni okweqile kwendawo komqalisi.Kodwa enqubweni ebangelwa imisebe, ukwakheka kwezingosi ze-radical yamahhala ku-polymer akuncikile ekushiseni kodwa kuncike bodwa ekumuntshweni kwemisebe enamandla amakhulu nge-matrix ye-polymer, Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa kwemisebe kuyizinga lokushisa elizimele noma, ngamanye amazwi, singase sithi inqubo yamandla engasebenzi ukuze iqalise.
Njengoba kungekho i-catalyst noma izithasiselo ezidingekayo, ukuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe kungagcinwa.Ukucutshungulwa kwe-withradiation, izisindo zamangqamuzana emikhiqizo zingalawulwa kangcono.Amasu okukhipha imisebe nawo anamandla okuqalisa kuma-substrates aqinile.Imikhiqizo eqediwe ingabuye iguqulwe nge-radiation technique.
Amandla emisebe yenuzi, nokho, ayabiza nakuba esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuletheni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.Izindleko zeyunithi zamandla emisebe afakiwe ziphezulu kakhulu kunezokushisa okuvamile noma amandla kagesi.Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emisebe yenuzi kuye kwafakazela ukuphakama kwawo kanye nokusebenza kwawo kwezindleko ezinhlelweni eziningi zamakhemikhali kunezinye izinhlobo zamandla anjengomlotha noma amandla kagesi.Amasu okukhipha imisebe asebenza kahle maqondana namandla futhi kudingeka ukuthi kumiswe indawo encane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe kuma-polymers kungaqashwa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni, okungukuthi i-bio-medical, textile, Electric, membrane, Cement, coatings, impahla yenjoloba, amathayi namasondo, igwebu, izicathulo, amaroli okuphrinta, i-aerospace kanye nezimboni zemithi.Kulokhu kubuyekezwa, ukunakwa kugxilwe ikakhulukazi emikhakheni emine: ubuchwepheshe be-biomedical, textile, ugesi kanye nolwelwesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-12-2020