I-polymer adsorption

I-Adsorption ukunamathela kwama-ion noma ama-molecule ebusweni besinye isigaba.I-Adsorption ingase yenzeke nge-physisorption kanye ne-chemisorption.Ama-ion nama-molecule angakhanga ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezindawo ezihlanganisa izindawo ze-polymer.I-polymer iyi-molecule enkulu eyakhiwe amayunithi aphindaphindayo ahlanganiswe amabhondi ahlangene.Ukukhangisa kwama-ion nama-molecule endaweni ye-polymer kudlala indima ezinhlelweni eziningi ezihlanganisa: i-biomedical, i-structural, ne-coatings.

I-polymerizindawo ezingaphezulu ziyahluka ezindaweni ezingezona i-polymer ngokuthi ama-subunits akha indawo engaphezulu ahlanganiswe ngokuhlanganyela.Indawo okungezona i-polymer ingaboshwa ngamabhondi e-ionic, amabhondi ensimbi noma amandla e-intermolecular (IMFs).Kusistimu yezingxenye ezimbili, izindawo ezingezona i-polymer zakha lapho inani eliqondile lengqikithi yamandla lidingeka ukuze kunqamuke ukusebenzisana ngokwakho futhi kwakhiwe ukungenzi ukuxhumana ngokwakho.Ngakho-ke, amandla okuxuba alungile.Leli nani lamandla, njengoba lichazwa ukungezwani kobuso, liyahlukahluka ezinhlanganisela ezahlukene zezinto.Kodwa-ke, ngezindawo ze-polymer, ama-subunits ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuhlanganyela futhi isigaba senqwaba yendawo eqinile asikuvumeli ukungezwani kwendawo ukuthi kulinganiswe ngokuqondile.Amandla e-intermolecular phakathi kwama-molecule amakhulu e-polymer kunzima ukuwabala futhi awakwazi ukunqunywa kalula njengokusebenzisana kwamangqamuzana okungewona we-polymer.[2]Ama-subunits ahlanganiswe ngokuhlanganyela enza indawo engaphezulu enezakhiwo ezihlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo engeyona i-polymer.Ezinye izibonelo zezindawo ze-polymer zifaka: i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), inayiloni, i-polyethylene (PE), ne-polypropylene (PP).Izindawo ze-polymer zihlaziywe kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa: ukuskena i-electron microscopy, i-scanning tunnel microscopy, kanye ne-infrared spectroscopy.

Izindawo ezihlukene ze-polymer zinamaketango ahlukene aseceleni kuma-monomer azo angakhokhiswa ngenxa yokukhangiswa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwama-adsorbates.Isibonelo, i-polystyrene sulfonate inama-monomer aqukethe amaketango aseceleni ashajwe kabi angakhanga ama-adsorbate ashajwe kahle.I-Polystyrene sulfonate izokhangisa i-adsorbate ene-positively charged kune-negative charge.Ngokuphambene, ku-polymer equkethe amaketanga aseceleni afakwe kahle, njenge-poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), ama-adsorbate ane-negative charges azohehwa kakhulu.

Okwesakhiwo

Izinhlanganisela ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe:Izinhlanganisela ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa ekuqiniseni nasekuvuseleleni izakhiwo ezindala.Lezi zinhlanganisela ezithuthukisiwe zingenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningi ezihlukene ezihlanganisa i-prepreg, i-resin, ukumnika, i-filament winding kanye ne-pultrusion.Izinhlanganisela ze-polymer ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa ezakhiweni eziningi zendiza futhi imakethe yazo enkulu kunazo zonke isendaweni yendiza nokuzivikela.

I-fiber reinforced polymers:Ama-polymers aqiniswe nge-Fiber (FRP) avame ukusetshenziswa ngonjiniyela bezakhiwo ezakhiweni zabo.Ama-FRP aphendula ngomugqa-elastically ekucindezelekeni kwe-axial, okuwenza abe yinto enhle yokubamba umthwalo.Ama-FRP ajwayele ukwakheka kwe-laminate ne-lamina ngayinye enemicu engaqondile, ngokuvamile ikhabhoni noma ingilazi, eshumekwe ngaphakathi kongqimba lwe-matrix ye-polymer ekhanyayo.Ama-FRP anokumelana okukhulu nokuchayeka kwemvelo kanye nokuqina okukhulu.

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene:I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) iyi-polymer esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezihlanganisa okokunamathela okungagxili, imikhiqizo yobuhle, nezinto zokugcoba.I-PTFE iyi-molecule ye-hydrophobic eyakhiwe nge-carbon ne-fluorine.Amabhondi e-Carbon-fluorine abangela i-PTFE ukuthi ibe into ebambene kancane, ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi imelane nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi.Lezi zici zenza i-PTFE ingasebenzi futhi isetshenziswe kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-polymer adsorption kumidiya enezimbotshana:I-adsorption ebonakalayo kanye ne-mechanical entrapment yizimbangela ezimbili ezinkulu zokugcinwa kwe-polymer emithonjeni ye-porous.Ukugcinwa kwe-polymer ephansi echibini kubalulekile empumelelweni yokusebenza kwe-polymer EOR.